Integrated overview on status, diagnosis and disease management of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) in shrimp aquaculture through metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) application – A review.

Shrimp aquaculture has experienced a significant global growth in the past twenty years, making a huge contribution to economic revenue. However, the emergence of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) imposed a huge economic, welfare, and environmental burdens to aquaculture sector globally. In this review, we emphasized on two key applications on AHPND treatment and AHPND diagnosis through the lens of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) interventions. We review the potentialities and implications of MNPs through accumulated evidence and focussed investigations specifically targeting the AHPND causative agent, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, to improve the understanding of MNPs application from shrimp aquaculture perspective. MNPs treatment offers a novel antibacterial application, providing a new alternative to antibiotic therapy in combating AHPND, but also the implication from toxicological perspective challenges the integration of this technology into aquaculture disease management and treatment applications. We examine how the toxicological considerations have impacted the direction of MNPs synthesis in aquaculture research, aiming to produce MNPs that are biocompatible and suitable for aquaculture disease and treatment program. The lack of practicality in the diagnostic approach for AHPND hindered easy practise of disease detection among shrimp farmers. Thus, we also explore how the incorporation of MNPs into the existing AHPND diagnostic approach has been improved, leading to the development of a practical and user-friendly diagnostic tool for detecting V. parahaemolyticus. Application of nanotechnology through MNPs integration into AHPND treatment and diagnosis has big potentials to improve the disease management strategy, potentially revolutionizing shrimp aquaculture on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]