Novel Immunotherapeutics for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Resistant to PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors.

Simple Summary: The standard therapy for advanced lung cancer is immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy. In this review, we summarize clinical trials that have been completed or are ongoing that concern the treatment of advanced lung cancer which has been treated previously with standard immunotherapies and has become resistant to these. Many different therapies such as vaccines, immune checkpoint therapies, and cellular therapies are currently in development, but the majority are still in early-phase trials. Immunotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors is the standard method of care for the treatment of newly diagnosed advanced or metastatic NSCLC, with or without chemotherapy. Many tumors, however, develop resistance to these immunotherapy agents. There is a need to develop more effective therapies for patients with metastatic NSCLC in the second-line setting and beyond. In this review, we present an overview of novel immunotherapies being investigated regarding the treatment of these patients. We summarize completed, as well as ongoing, trials investigating these therapies as monotherapy or in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. These include immune co-stimulatory antibodies, T-cell agonists, oncolytic viruses, vaccines, TIL therapies, and CAR-T therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]