Open Surgical management for large distal penile calculus in the era of endoscopic surgery.

Background: The management of large distal penile calculi has evolved with the advent of endoscopic techniques. However, open surgical management remains a viable option, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of open surgical management for large distal penile calculi and compare the results with the existing literature on endoscopic management. Methods: A retrospective review of 25 patients who underwent open surgical management for large distal penile calculi (>1.5 cm) was conducted. Patient demographics, stone characteristics, intraoperative data, postoperative outcomes, and complications were analyzed. The results were compared with the existing literature on endoscopic management. Results: The mean age of the patients was 45.6 ± 8.2 years, and the mean stone size was 1.8 ± 0.3 cm. The success rate of open surgical management was 96%, with intraoperative and postoperative complication rates of 12% each. Stricture formation and recurrence rates were 4% and 0%, respectively. The mean operative time was 35.6 ± 8.4 minutes, and the patient satisfaction rate was 92%. Compared to endoscopic management, open surgery demonstrated lower stricture formation rates (4% vs. 5- 10%, p = 0.04) and recurrence rates (0% vs. 2-5%, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Open surgical management is a safe and effective approach for treating large distal penile calculi, with high success rates, low complication rates, and minimal risk of long-term complications. It may be a preferred option, particularly in resource-limited settings. Further prospective comparative studies are needed to establish the role of open surgical management in the contemporary era of endoscopic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]