Ecology, Pathology, and the Life of Paper.

This essay charts the way that ideas of nature, life and disease generated new approaches to Europe's documentary culture between roughly 1650 and 1950. Training its focus on the medium of paper, specifically the essay, reveals conceptual intersections between caretakers of libraries and archives and naturalists or physicians whose focus was the entomology or bacteriology. The recognition of the fundamentally organic nature of books (animal, vegetable, mineral, in a Linnaean sense) invited fresh vocabularies and practices of care and preservation. The essay first explores how book lovers—often encouraged by learned societies or state agencies in the eighteenth century—campaigned against insects whose habitat lay between the covers of precious tomes. It then traces how nineteenth-century microscopy and bacteriology informed notions of sickness or 'pathology' in books. It ends by describing the efforts to remediate these impairments in the twentieth century: to deploy chemistry and medicine as therapies for bringing imperilled papers back to health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]