Effect of sand content on adhesion and cohesion of municipal sludge during drying practices: The characteristics and modification.

Stickiness is a phenomenon observed widely in sludge drying practices, which negatively impacts the sludge drying efficiency. This paper was aimed at evaluating the stickiness characteristics of sludge when the sand content of sludge increases during the rainy season, and carrying out stickiness modification experiments on high sand content sludge. The results indicated that the sand content was significantly positively correlated with the stickiness of sludge. During drying process, the adhesion force and cohesion force of sludge decreased with the increase of drying temperature, and the adhesion force was consistently greater than the cohesion force in every group. The sludge stickiness was reduced after ultrasonic treatment and calcium oxide modification, but the reduction effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate on sludge stickiness was not good. This study confirmed the effect of sand content on sludge stickiness, and the stickiness of sludge with high sand content can be reduced by modifier. These findings contribute to our understanding of the stickiness of sludge with high sand content in the rainy season and provide valuable insights for the optimization of sludge drying process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]