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Nationwide profiling and source identification of organophosphate esters in Korean surface waters using target, suspect, and non-target HRMS analysis.

Authors :
Kang, Daeho
Jang, Heewon
Mok, Sori
Kim, Jun Yub
Choi, Younghun
Lee, Sun-Hong
Han, Sojeong
Park, Tae Jin
Moon, Hyo-Bang
Jeon, Junho
Source :
Chemosphere. Nov2024, Vol. 367, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Publication Year :
2024

Abstract

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are emerging contaminants that serve as alternatives to regulated substances in aquatic environments. A nationwide large-scale assessment for OPEs, including point sources, remains insufficient. To address this issue, we aimed to investigate OPEs occurrence and novel OPEs via comprehensive target, suspect and non-target analysis. Among the 11 target OPEs, 10 were detected at sampling sites distributed evenly nationwide. The highest mean concentrations were measured for tris-(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP). The multivariate statistical analysis revealed that TBOEP and TCIPP are essential components for assessing total OPEs pollution. The systematic risk assessment results evaluated the overall risk contribution of TBOEP and the significant risk impact of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate. Promising suspect and non-target analysis enabled frequent detection and identification of 6 antioxidant transformation products (TPs), as well as the tentative identification of 14 OPEs and TPs, including 3 di-OPEs. Based on sampling site classification, we confirmed that major OPEs are significantly discharged near point sources. We believe that this is the first attempt to assess the nationwide risk and potential sources of OPEs in Korean surface waters, providing insights that could support further prioritization and regulation efforts. [Display omitted] • Nationwide monitoring showed OPEs, especially TBOEP, as predominant in Korean surface waters. • Multivariate analysis identified TBOEP and TCIPP as essential components for OPEs assessment. • TBOEP had overall risk contribution, with EHDPP showing significant risk impact. • Suspect and non-target analysis identified 20 novel OPEs and antioxidant TPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
00456535
Volume :
367
Database :
Academic Search Index
Journal :
Chemosphere
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
180926692
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143579