A holistic exploration local climate zoning through land use and land cover values: Tehran's urban climate tapestry.

Local Climate Zoning (LCZ) appears as a crucial framework, intricately deciphering the nuanced climatic variations within urban landscapes, centering on the physical structure and surface attributes of cities. With 17 distinct classes standing for diverse features, LCZ provides a nuanced lens for studying urban microclimates. In this study, a meticulous classification of Tehran's local climate classes was conducted using the Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA) GIS software, complemented by sample verification through Google Earth. The findings illuminate Tehran's diverse urban climate, revealing two predominant classes: dense semi-tall and denser, shorter categories. A granular district-wise analysis unfolds varying climatic scenarios: Central and Northern Districts (e.g., Districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 17): Marked by densely built-up areas (LCZ1 and LCZ2). Southern and Western Districts (e.g., Districts 9, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22): Hosting a mix of industrial zones and green expanses. While green spaces nestled among buildings are less conspicuous, predominantly confined to city parks (LCZ4 to LCZ6), the classifications strategically show areas with implications for high urban heat loads, pollution hotspots, best air circulation, and air quality. This insightful district-level analysis supplies a robust foundation for steering sustainable urban development. Field validation through on-site visits and meticulous photo documentation rigorously substantiates the accuracy of the output map. The research underscores the profound significance of LCZ, unraveling Tehran's climatic intricacies at a district level. This comprehensive understanding proves essential for steering sustainable urban development, navigating the complexities within the diverse topography of Tehran's districts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]