Efficacy of High-Dose Synbiotic Additives for Deoxynivalenol Detoxification: Effects on Blood Biochemistry, Histology, and Intestinal Microbiome in Weaned Piglets.

Simple Summary: Mycotoxins, secondary metabolites produced by fungi, frequently contaminate feed worldwide. Specifically, deoxynivalenol (DON), a type B trichothecene produced by the Fusarium species, is the most prevalent mycotoxin detected in feed. This study using piglets evaluated the biological antidotes to mitigating DON toxicity. Our results showed that the impact of synbiotic additives on growth characteristics, histological alterations, and microbiota composition was pronounced in the DON-contaminated piglet group. Piglets fed SYN supplementation exhibited growth improvement and histological recuperation, including fibrosis and apoptosis in specific organs. Moreover, the two independent variables such as Prevotella 1 and Romboutsia were statistically significant for predicting the final BW. Furthermore, this study builds on previous research and provides insights into the influence of microbiota composition on DON detoxification. Our findings suggest the control of risks associated with DON in feed, and this study significantly contributes to the existing literature. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common mycotoxin observed in cereal grains, and feed contamination poses health risks to pigs. Biological antidotes, such as synbiotics (SYNs), have garnered attention for mitigating DON toxicity. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of SYNs by comparing the blood biochemistry, histology, and gut microbiome of weaned piglets. A 4-week trial was conducted on 32 weaned piglets. After a week of diet and environmental adaptation, the pigs were divided into four groups: (1) control (CON, n = 8); (2) SYN (n = 8); (3) DON (n = 8); and (4) DON+SYN (n = 8). The SYN supplementation of weaned piglets increased the final body weight (21.71 ± 0.93 vs. 20.73 ± 0.84), average daily gain (0.38 ± 0.02 vs. 0.34 ± 0.02), and gain-to-feed ratio (0.49 ± 0.04 vs. 0.43 ± 0.02), and decreased the feed conversion ratio (2.14 ± 0.14 vs. 2.39 ± 0.13) compared to the DON group. A high dose of DON induced liver and colon fibrosis and liver and cecum apoptosis, which were alleviated by SYNs. Glucose in the DON group (84.9 ± 3.7) was significantly lower than in the control (101.3 ± 4.2). Additionally, both the DON and DON+SYN groups exhibited higher creatine (0.9 ± 0.0 and 0.9 ± 0.1) and lower cholesterol (88.3 ± 3.2 and 90.0 ± 4.8) levels (p < 0.05). In conclusion, SYNs alleviated DON toxicity, indicating its potential as an antidote for specific biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]