Etiological analysis of ocular herpes virus infection.

Objective: To do the etiological analysis of ocular herps virus infection, revealing the pathogen species and the distribution of different virus types within the eye. Methods: Samples were collected from 2017 to 2021 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital and tested using real-time PCR for common ocular viruses: herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The pathogenesis of the different viruses was classified and analyzed according to the site of infection. Results: Viral PCR detections were performed on 3627 samples collected over the 5-years and 649 (17.89%) samples contained one or more of the viruses tested. The overall detection rate of CMV was highest at 9.93%. Of all sample types, aqueous humor was the most common (1752 cases), of which 340 were positive (19.41% positive rate). Corneal samples were the next most common, with 1481 cases and 250 positive results (16.88% positive rate). CMV positivity was higher in aqueous humor and corneal samples than other viruses; vitreous body had the highest positive rate at 36.36% (20/55), among which 18 cases were VZV positive. Conclusions: Distribution of virus types differed among infection sites, with CMV the most common virus type detected in the cornea and aqueous humor, while VZV was the most common virus detected in the vitreous body. Key message: What is known: • In recent years, ocular viral infections have attracted increasing attention from ophthalmologists, as more diseases with unknown etiology are now confirmed to be related to viral infection. • The Herpesviridae family is the most common cause of ocular viral infection. What is new: • We retrospectively analyzed the results of 3627 specimens from 2017 to 2021. No statistical analysis with large sample size and complete sample types similar to this study currently exists in the published literature. • Distribution of virus types differed among infection sites, with CMV the most common virus type detected in the cornea and aqueous humor, while VZV was the most common virus detected in the vitreous body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]