HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PROFILES IN NEPHRECTOMY SPECIMENS FOR RENAL TUMORS: AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant renal tumor, exhibiting various histopathological subtypes with distinct prognoses and treatment responses. This study aims to analyze the histopathological profiles, grading, and staging of renal tumors in nephrectomy specimens, along with demographic correlations, to provide insights that could guide clinical management. Material and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 200 nephrectomy specimens collected over a 2-year period (from January 2021 to December 2022) at a tertiary care hospital. Data on tumor type, grade, stage, necrosis, and vascular invasion were recorded. Tumor types were classified according to the 2016 WHO/ISUP system, and staging was assessed using the TNM classification. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests to examine correlations between tumor characteristics, grade, and stage, with significance set at p < 0.05. SPSS (25.0) was used for analysis. Results: The predominant tumor subtype was clear cell RCC (65%), followed by papillary RCC (15%) and chromophobe RCC (10%). Clear cell RCC had a significant male predominance (69.2%) and was most frequently seen in patients aged 60 or older. There was a notable correlation between tumor grade and stage, with higher-grade tumors more likely to present at advanced stages (p < 0.01). Pathological features such as necrosis and vascular invasion were observed more frequently in higher-grade clear cell RCC (34.6% and 38.5%, respectively), indicating an aggressive profile. Chromophobe RCC displayed the least necrosis and vascular invasion, reflecting its generally favorable prognosis. Conclusion: The study confirms clear cell RCC as the most prevalent subtype, with significant male predominance and a higher incidence in older age groups. A strong association between higher tumor grade and advanced stage underscores the importance of histopathological grading in RCC prognosis and treatment planning. Findings support tailored management strategies, with aggressive treatment approaches for high-grade tumors and nephron-sparing options for lower-grade, indolent subtypes. Further multicenter studies are recommended to enhance the generalizability of these findings and evaluate long-term outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]