We never expected that: a comparative study of failures in national and business intelligence: by Avner Barnea, Lanham, MD, Lexington Books (Hardback edition), 2021, 232 pp., $100, ISBN 9781793619884.

"We Never Expected That" by Avner Barnea is a comparative study of failures in national and business intelligence, examining events like Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the 2008 recession. Barnea categorizes surprises into concentrated and diffuse, highlighting failures in assessing intelligence targets. While the book offers valuable case studies, it lacks a clear methodology and fails to address broader systemic issues in intelligence gathering and assessment. Despite its limitations, the book provides insights into intelligence failures and serves as a useful resource for understanding the complexities of national and business intelligence. [Extracted from the article]