Inquisition of the Phytochemistry, Antioxidants, and Hemolytic and Antimicrobial Potential of Polar Extracts of Moringa oleifera Leaves Indigenously Grown in Pakistan.

Phytochemicals and metabolites make Moringa oleifera (MO) a very nutritious vegetable tree with therapeutic properties. MO leaves contain phytochemicals that have anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antibacterial abilities. This study investigates the antibacterial, antioxidant, total phenolic, total flavonoid , and hemolytic and antimicrobial activities of MO leaf (MoLe) extracts grown indigenously in Pakistan. Phytochemical study utilizing qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of key phytochemical components such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, quinones, and terpenoids in organic solvents. Antioxidant (SOD, POD, and CAT) activities in the MoLe aqueous extract vary dose‐dependently. Acetic acid extract endured the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), followed by n‐hexane, chloroform, and butanol solvents. The current investigation suggests that all extracts have the ability, to varying extents, to function as radical scavengers because of the presence of polyphenolics. 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity was observed to be significantly varied in all solvents, with the highest activity observed in acetic acid, methanol, and n‐butanol. Maximum ZOI (mm) in Streptococcus pneumoniae (13 ± 1.24) and Staphylococcus aureus (17 ± 1.26) was marked by an aqueous solvent; likewise, Escherichia coli (13 ± 1.24) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15 ± 1.69) showed maximum ZOI by acetic acid and methanol, respectively. Additionally, the acetic acid extract showed significant inhibitory activity (ZOI, mm) against fungal pathogens Aspergillus fumigatus (22 ± 1.24), A. flavus (24 ± 1.24). Maximum hemolytic was documented by aqueous (0.51 ± 0.001) followed by acetic acid (0.38 + 0.003), whereas minimum one was exhibited by n‐hexane (0.3 ± 0.002). Overall, the results indicated that MoLe is an excellent selection for elevated antioxidants, DPPH activity, and biological control of bacterial and fungal pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]