Revisión exploratoria sobre los tratamientos experimentales para la enfermedad de Parkinson: terapias de precisión y de amplio espectro.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by clinical heterogeneity and multifactorial etiopathogenesis. Although the conventional approach to patient care primarily emphasizes managing symptoms using dopaminergic drugs, newer strategies propose methods to protect dopaminergic neurons by targeting molecular pathways. These experimental medications are here as (1) precisionor broad-targeted therapies according to their mechanism of action, (2) new antiparkinsonian formulations, and (3) repurposed drugs. This narrative review will summarize the most relevant aspects of up-to-date precisionor broad-targeted therapies. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed was performed, to summarize the current evidence regarding experimental medications in PD, between 2013 and 2023. In addition, ClinicalTrials.gov was revised. Several potential neuroprotective strategies are under investigation, including drugs targeting specific molecular pathways implicated in PD pathogenesis. Research is focused on inhibiting the aggregation of misfolded alpha-synuclein, a key protein associated with PD. In addition, therapies targeting mitochondria, lysosomes, and oxidative stress are being explored due to their involvement in neuronal health and survival. Precision targets, including proteins are explored through gene therapies, monoclonal antibodies, kinase inhibitors, and small molecules. Many experimental drugs are still in the early phases of development, and their long-term safety and efficacy are yet to be established. The evolving landscape of experimental therapeutics instills optimism for improved outcomes and enhanced quality of life for individuals grappling with PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]