Integrated multi-generation system with three-stage RO: A comprehensive study of the exergy-cost-environment nexus.

This study explores the performance of an innovative, techno-efficient multigeneration plant incorporating a three-stage reverse osmosis (RO) unit, focusing on the exergy-cost-environment nexus. The plant's performance is validated through comparisons with existing literature, and parametric analyses are conducted to assess the impact of critical parameters. The system demonstrates the capability to produce 720.1 kW of net electricity and sustain a hydrogen production rate of 0.05083 kg/s, achieving energetic and exergetic efficiencies of 17.82% and 23.88%, respectively. Economically, the system offers a sum unit cost of products (SUCP) of 33.33 $/GJ, showcasing its financial viability. Environmental and sustainability metrics, including an emission rate of 0.000267 kg CO₂/kWh, an exergy stability factor of 0.9341, and an exergo-environment index of 17.21, underscore the plant's eco-efficiency. A sensitivity analysis of the RO membrane recovery rate reveals an optimal balance between improved performance and economic feasibility. Excessive recovery rates adversely impact costs. The economic evaluation, using the Net Present Value (NPV) method, indicates a payback period of 9 years with significant profitability projected by the 20th year. This comprehensive analysis confirms the plant's potential for efficient and sustainable multigeneration. • Proposing a cutting-edge multi-generation plant with environmental viability. • The economic analysis forecasts a return on investment within 9 years. • The minimization of reactor temperatures has positive effect on the performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]