The analysis of the linguistic and philosophical paradigms based on the concept of discourse in the academic study of religion.

The article provides an overview of existing definitions, research and achievements in the field of linguistics and philosophy concerning the concept of discourse. Additionally, it offers a new analysis of discourse as a philosophical- linguistic phenomenon and paradigm. A review of studies on the concept and term "discourse" is provided, and the history of the formation of the concept of discourse analysis as a separate direction is analyzed. The directions of application of discourse as a term and concept in the context of modern science are shown. It also defines the philosophical aspect on the basis of the works of M. Foucault. In this regard, Foucault's theories also examine discourse as a coercive principle that causes people to feel fear and apprehension, as a great force that regulates inconsistencies, and as a tool for creating restrictive, and regulating processes. The rules on which discursive laws are based are considered, and their role in the formation of communicative competence is analyzed. The influence of extralinguistic features of discourse has been studied. The differences and connections between the macro and micro levels of the structure of the discourse are shown. An explanation and classification of discursive modes are given, their features are described. Schools conducting discursive research are shown and an overview of their methods is given. Attention is drawn to the importance and characteristics of oral discourse. The role of discourse in the establishment of linguistic communication is considered and conclusions are drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]