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Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy in women with symptomatic first-trimester pregnancies
- Source :
-
Fertility & Sterility . Jul2006, Vol. 86 Issue 1, p36-43. 8p. - Publication Year :
- 2006
-
Abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the association between ectopic pregnancy (EP) and clinical and historical factors among women presenting with pain and/or bleeding in early pregnancy. Design: Nested case–control study. Setting: University medical center. Patient(s): Women with symptomatic early pregnancies of unknown location presenting for care between January 1, 1990 and July 31, 1999. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Clinical and historical risk factors were compared between women with EP and women with ongoing intrauterine pregnancies or spontaneous abortions. Result(s): The following factors were associated with increased risk of EP: prior EP (odds ratio, 2.98 [95% confidence interval, 1.88–4.73] for one prior EP and 16.04 [5.39–47.72] for 2 or more), pelvic inflammatory disease history (1.5 [1.11–2.05]), pain at presentation (1.42 [1.06–1.92]), vaginal bleeding at presentation (1.42 [1.04–1.93]), and hCG of 501–2,000 mIU/mL (1.73 [1.24–2.42]). Age younger than 25 years (0.59 [0.41–0.85]) and a history of abortion were protective from EP (0.58 [0.38–0.90]). Prior nontubal pelvic surgery, past intrauterine device use, prior cesarean section, and current cervical infection demonstrated no association with EP. Conclusion(s): Evaluation of women with a symptomatic early pregnancy confirms and refutes some of the classical risk factors for EP. Prior EP is a strong risk factor, whereas pelvic inflammatory disease has an unexpected weak association. Previous abortion was found to have a negative association, whereas nontubal surgery, cesarean section, and a history of or concomitant cervical infection have no association. Knowledge of historical and clinical factors associated with EP may aid in early diagnosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00150282
- Volume :
- 86
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Fertility & Sterility
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 21447072
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.12.023