Freezing and marking.

This article shows that word-order freezing is not an adequate application of bidirectional optimality theory and that what it attempts to account for presents a problem for bidirectional optimality theory. Max(X) constraints allow moderate bidirectionality within a monodirectional production-oriented optimality theory and give better results on freezing. Since freezing is the only argument for bidirectional syntax that is syntactic in nature, the article also reviews the other arguments for full bidirectionality in syntax and concludes that they too are not compelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]