Serum concentrations of gonadotropins and steroid hormones of Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis in middle and lower regions of the Yangtze River

Abstract: As a relatively isolated and unique freshwater population, the Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) is the most endangered subpopulation of this species. The objective of this study was to improve our understanding of their reproductive endocrinology by measuring (radioimmunoassay) serum concentrations of FSH, LH, estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4) and testosterone (T2) in free-ranging animals. Blood samples were collected from 66 Yangtze finless porpoises (41 males and 25 females) captured in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Based on significant variation of serum T2 concentrations in males with body length (BL) >138cm, we inferred that they were mature; in these animals, there were significant seasonal variations in serum T2 concentrations, with the highest concentrations in March and April (502.0±319.8ng/dL, mean±S.D.) and the lowest in December (79.4±83.2ng/dL). Serum T2 concentrations positively correlated with serum concentrations of LH and weakly correlated with serum concentrations of E2, whereas there was a significant negative correlation between serum LH and FSH concentrations in males >138cm. The smallest apparently pregnant female porpoise had a BL of 130cm. Serum P4 concentrations ranged from 13.2 to 112.4ng/mL (43.9±28.3ng/mL) in pregnant females, and fluctuated under 1.0ng/mL in non-pregnant females with BL>130cm. Serum LH concentrations were significantly higher in non-pregnant females >130cm versus those females <130cm. To our knowledge, this is the first study of endocrine-related maturity and seasonal breeding characteristics of the Yangtze finless porpoise. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]