Transnationalism and Japanese ODA.

The article focuses on transnationalism and the Official Development Assistance (ODA) in Japan. It cites ways in which transnational forces help to form the ODA, such as framing of economic development in transnational terms in Asia. According to the author, the outcomes of the transnational campaign against the overseas environmental behavior of Japan and of the wider shift in transnational norms around the worldwide environment and ODA that took place during the 1980s, should be understood in terms of their interaction with domestic conceptions of ODA.