Normativity Redux.

This article is a defense of a previous article called "A biological framework for evaluating whether an ESA species is threatened or endangered in a 'significant portion of its range'" that was critiqued by other scholars. In that paper, the authors argued for a changed definition of the way that the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) defines the significant portion of its range (SPOIR). The authors also argue that their idea of SPOIR would give species that are not threatened or endangered greater protection. Finally, the authors explain the process by which they were asked to develop a SPOIR framework and they acknowledge that adopting the framework would be to redesign how ESA defines threatened and endangered species.