Effect of rifampicin-based antitubercular therapy on nevirapine plasma concentrations in South African adults with HIV-associated tuberculosis.

Background and objectives Nevirapine-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) and rifampicin-based antitubercular therapy are commonly co-administered in Africa, where nevirapine is often the only available non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Rifampicin induces the metabolism of nevirapine, but the extent of the reduction in nevirapine concentrations has varied widely in previous studies. We describe the steady-state pharmacokinetics of nevirapine during and after antitubercular therapy in South African patients. Methods Sixteen patients receiving ART including standard doses of nevirapine were admitted twice for intensive pharmacokinetic sampling: during and after rifampicin-based antitubercular therapy. Results Geometric mean ratios for nevirapine pharmacokinetic parameters during versus after antitubercular therapy were 0.61 [90% confidence interval (CI) 0.49–0.79] for Cmax, 0.64 (90% CI 0.52–0.80) for area under the curve up to 12 h (AUC0–12) and 0.68 (90% CI 0.53–0.86) for Cmin. Nevirapine Cmin was subtherapeutic (0–12 to the AUC0–12 of its 12-hydroxy metabolite was significantly lower in the presence of antitubercular therapy, consistent with induced metabolism. Conclusions Nevirapine concentrations were significantly decreased by concomitant rifampicin-based antitubercular therapy and a high proportion of patients had subtherapeutic plasma concentrations. Further study in African patients is required to determine the implications for treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]