The Varied Educational Effects of Parent-Child Communication: A Comparative Study of Fourteen Countries.

The article examines the variation in the effect of social class differences on parent-child communication and explores whether social class differences in the educational effect of parent-child communication are produced by structural features of educational systems, particularly by the level of standardization in a particular country, using data from the Programme for International Student Assessment. It relates how educational standardization affect parental involvement on children's schooling. It outlines the barriers posed by nonstandardized educational systems to parent-child communication among low socieconomic parents.