Logistyka oczyszczania miasta w zakresie odpadów stałych.

Regular functioning of the organism of a city calls for the organization of logistically integrated systems in various areas of activities of the city, among them what concerns maintaining of cleanness and order, what is permanently disturbed by a continuous production of waste material, called communal waste when generated by the inhabitants and industrial waste generated by the industry functioning on the terrain of the city. There exist proofs that already 9000 years before J.C. waste being consumption residue was stored outside of the settlements. It can be supposed that people secured themselves against smell, parasites and "visits" of wild animals. In the case of an activity that consists in cleaning the city one can talk about logistics being understood as planning, organizing, realizing en controlling the flow of waste material from the place of its forming, through waste gathering, treatment (connected with recuperation), and finally rendering the waste harmless by methods of storing, in order to fulfill legal requirements concerning environment protection, with involving optimal financial means. The principles of city waste management are regulated by several legal law-based acts, by several accompanying orders and many regulations of local governments. Beneath, a chronological list of fundamental laws in this domain is presented: • The "Law concerning the obligation of maintaining cleanness and order in the community" (Journal of Laws 1996, Nr. 132, pos. 622), • The "Law concerning environment protection" (Journal of Laws 2001, Nr. 62, pos. 627), • The "Law concerning waste material" (Journal of Laws 2001, Nr. 62, pos. 628), • The "Law concerning the obligations of the undertaker" (Journal of Laws 2001, Nr. 63, pos. 639), • The "Law concerning the road transport" (Journal of Laws 2004, Nr. 204, pos. 2088). The law concerning the obligation of maintaining cleanness and order in the community is binding for the local authorities in the domain of organizing a rational system of management of waste generated on the terrain of the community. The presented paper presents a system implemented in conditions of the Wroclaw agglomeration by the enterprise WPO ALBA -- the entity with the most important scope of activity in that domain. The city of Wroclaw is an agglomeration with faculties of a district, with a population of 634.000 inhabitants, functioning on a surface of 292,8 km2, what signifies a population density of 2165,2 persons/km2 (data of 2001). In the community of Wroclaw 90.640 entities of national economy were registered. The number of working people (without economic entities with less than 9 working persons and without persons working in individual farms) amounted to 192.500 in 2002, and 179.900 in 2003. The city has generated in 2001: • 230 000 Mg of communal waste, • 295 300 Mg of other waste (without communal waste), • 39 732 dam³ of industrial and communal liquid wastes that required cleaning treatment, and emitted industrial air pollution with the following amounts, namely: • 2513 Mg (dust contamination) and • 1989551 Mg (gas contamination). In the framework of cleaning activity the city, the total of carried away waste amounted in 2001 to: • solid wastes 804.9 dam³, among them 504.4 dam³ in apartment buildings; • liquid wastes 158.8 dam³, among them 152.8 dam³ in apartment buildings. There are more than 70 enterprises that are dealing with carrying away waste material. These unities have to possess a license to perform an activity consisting in gathering waste material. Such licenses are granted by the Waste Management Administration on the basis of regulations of the law concerning maintaining cleanness and order in communities. In this domain, it is the firm 1. WPO ALBA S.A., which plays the dominating role.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]