Legendre spectral finite elements for structural dynamics analysis.

Spectral, hierarchical, and h-type finite elements (FEs) are compared in the context of their application to structural dynamics analysis. The Timoshenko beam, which is the 1-D analog of Mindlin-type shell elements, is used for comparison in eigenvalue and transient-response analyses. A detailed formulation of each method is presented to illustrate clearly their fundamental differences. The principal advantages of spectral FEs over low-order h-type elements are (a) far superior accuracy for a fixed number of model degrees of freedom (DOF) and (b) much higher computational efficiency at a fixed accuracy level. The principal advantages over hierarchical p-type elements are (a) a mass matrix that is inherently diagonal as opposed to full, (b) DOF that pertain directly to nodal displacements and rotations, and (c) more efficient tensor-product factorization. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]