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Measurement of Black Carbon and Particle Number Emission Factors from Individual Heavy-Duty Trucks.
- Source :
-
Environmental Science & Technology . 3/5/2009, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p1419-1424. 6p. - Publication Year :
- 2009
-
Abstract
- Emission factors for black carbon (BC) and partide number (PN) were measured from 226 individual heavy-duty (HD) diesel trucks driving through a 1-km-long California highway tunnel in August 2006. Emission factors were based on concurrent increases in BC, PN, and CO2 concentrations (measured at 1 Hz) that corresponded to the passage of individual HD trucks. The distributions of BC and PN emission factors from individual HD trucks are skewed, meaning that a large fraction of pollution comes from a small fraction of the in-use vehicle fleet. The highest-emitting 10% of trucks were responsible for ∼40% of total BC and PN emissions from all HD trucks. BC emissions were log-normally distributed with a mean emission factor of 1.7 g kg-1 and maximum values of ∼10 g kg-1. Corresponding values for PN emission factors were 4.7 × 1015 and 4 × 1016 # kg-1. There was minimal overlap among high-emitters of these two pollutants: only 1 of the 226 HD trucks measured was found to be among the highest 10% for both BC and PN Monte Carlo resampling of the distribution of BC emission factors observed in this study revealed that uncertainties (1σ) in extrapolating from a random sample of n HD trucks to a population mean emission factor ranged from ± 4.3% for n = 10 to ± 8% for n = 300, illustrating the importance of vehicle sample sizes in emissions studies. When n = 10, sample means are more likely to be biased due to misrepresentation of high-emitters. As vehicles become cleaner on average in the futue, skewness of the emissions distributions will increase, and thus sample sizes needed to extrapolate reliably from a subset of vehicles to the entire in-use vehicle fleet will become more of a challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0013936X
- Volume :
- 43
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 37147796
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1021/es8021039