Physiological effects of pneumoperitoneum.

The discusses the physiologic effects of pneumoperitoneum. Carbon dioxide is the most commonly used gas for insufflation. When absorbed through the peritoneum, it is eliminated by respiratory exchange in the lungs. Intraoperative pulmonary mechanics is affected by abdominal insufflation during laparoscopy. When intraabdominal pressure and volume increases, it hinders diaphragmatic movement. Insufflation also alters cardiovascular performance due to the effects of hypercarbia and a change in intraabdominal pressure.