Refractory In-stent Restenosis Following Carotid Artery Stenting: A Case Report and Review of Operative Management.

In-stent restenosis following carotid artery stenting is a challenging problem that vascular surgeons will likely encounter with increasing frequency. The following describes a patient who developed progressive in-stent restenosis 3 years after carotid artery stenting, which was treated with operative therapy after failed balloon angioplasty. A review of the literature describing surgical approaches to the treatment of in-stent restenosis was also performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]