Spore Maturation and Release of Two Evergreen Macaronesian Ferns, Gulcita macroccirpa and Woodwardia radicans, along an Altitudinal Gradient.

The article presents a study which investigates the variables that affect the spore phenology of two evergreen ferns Woodwardia radicans and Culcita macrocarpa in Sâo Miguel, Azores. The study used binomial distribution and Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) to determine the spore release date and maturation. The result indicates that the biotic pressures such as presence of spore feeders result in the long-term causes of the spore maturation and release of W. radicans and C. macrocarpa.