Three-Dimensional Large Deformation FE Analysis of Square Footings in Two-Layered Clays.

In strong over soft two-layered clays, there is a potential for the footing to experience a punch-through failure, where the footing penetrates a large distance at a short time after the initial peak resistance is reached. Three-dimensional (3D) large deformation finite-element analyses using 3D RITSS method were conducted to simulate the penetration responses of square footings in strong over soft clays. The effects of surface soil heave and soil layer interface deformation during footing penetration were studied in weightless soils. Fitted equations were proposed to express the footing capacity response against the penetration depth. Based on the fitted equations, formulas to calculate footing peak bearing factor and the corresponding penetration depth were developed. The peak footing capacity factor and the corresponding penetration depth increases with the increasing of soil layer strength ratio, relative top soil layer thickness and soil weight factor, thus the potential of punch-through failure was reduced accordingly. It was also found that the soil weight effect can be a simple surcharge based on the formula developed in the weightless soil. Design charts for the peak footing capacity factor and the corresponding penetration depth were developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]