A simulation-based approach to evaluating population structure in non-equilibrial populations.

The article discusses a research study on the simulation-based approach for population structure evaluation of non-equilibrial generic dynamics called Generational Gene Shift (GGS) of species such as the bowhead whales or Balaena mysticetus. Researchers created an individual-based model of generic and population dynamics of bowhead whales using the R package rmetasim that recreates various aspects including demography, whaling history and sex matched with datasets from simulated populations for genetic analyses. Results of empirical data indicated that of the 33 loci, nine were out of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) while the age-stratified cohorts showed that four out of the 60 tests have significant genetic differentiation.