The world we have made? Individualisation and personal life in the 1950s.

This paper focuses on a fundamental problem with individualisation theories - the assumption that contemporary personal lives are radically new and different from those in the past. This is a particularly important issue for individualisation theories because they essentially depend on the idea of epochal, even revolutionary, historical change. Empirically, I examine the experience of personal life in Britain in the late 1940s and early 1950s (where a number of excellent sources exist) and compare it with today. Looking first at the personal life of gay and lesbian people, and of heterosexual spouses, I find substantial, but not unambiguous, 'improvement'- in terms of equality, openness and diversity - over the period. But this improvement does not necessarily mean transformation in how people think about their personal lives and how they ought to conduct them. The paper goes on, therefore, to examine 'tradition' and 'individualisation' through the lens of ideas around extra-marital sex and divorce. Rather than some duality between 'traditional' and 'individualising' people in the two periods, I find that how people thought, and the range of their thoughts, about how to conduct personal life seem similar in 1949/50 to the present day - given the debates and issues of the time. In both periods the married, older and more religious were the more 'traditional', and the young and the more professional were more 'progressive'. But the bulk of both samples were 'pragmatists', holding practical views of what was reasonably proper and possible in adapting to, and improvising around, their circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]