Animal Models for Translational Research on Shoulder Pathologies: From Bench to Bedside.

The article discusses the use of animal models for translational research on shoulder pathologies. These models were used for in vivo and in vitro shoulder research. In vivo are helpful in offering the means to model living phenomena, such tendon healing process and responses to surgery. In vitro models are significant in providing understanding of the functioning of the shoulder and for biomechanical experiments.