A Multilevel Analysis of the Relationship between Labor Surplus and Pretrial Incarceration.

It is often proffered that as a fiscal crisis worsens, the capitalist state increasingly relies on incarceration to better manage labor surplus. Using a multilevel study design, we analyze the interplay between the employment status of male criminal defendants charged with burglary and armed robbery and the unemployment rate on pretrial incarceration. We theorize that in cities with high unemployment, unemployed criminal defendants will be more likely to be incarcerated before trial. Additionally, because the state's punitive apparatus is thought to be geared specially to control that segment of the surplus labor population which is most threatening to established interests, we examine whether unemployed African-American defendants are more apt to be incarcerated before trial in cities with a high enemployment rate. Results shoe that the unemployment rate moderates the relationship between employment status and pretrial incarceration. In cities with high unemployement, unemployed defendants have a substantially higher probability of pretrial detention. This effect withstands the introduction of control variable measuring a variety of individual and contextual factors. No support is found for the social dynamite thesis. That is, unemployed African-American defendants do not face a higher probability of pretrial confinement in cities with a high umemployement rate. We conclude that pretrial incarceration in determined, to a large extent, by the interaction between a defendant's employement status and aggregate labor market condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]