Is Atherosclerotic Heart Disease in COPD a Distinct Phenotype?

The article offers information on the association between ischemic heart disease (IHD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It mentions that COPD is a major risk factor for heart disease beyond and above the traditional risk factors which include hypertension or hypercholesterolemia. It states that patients with coronary artery disease and COPD have a less favorable prognosis equated with patients with no COPD.