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Molecular features of human ubiquitin-like SUMO genes and their encoded proteins
- Source :
-
Gene . Aug2002, Vol. 296 Issue 1/2, p65. 9p. - Publication Year :
- 2002
-
Abstract
- The SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) protein and ubiquitin have similar 3-D structure. Sumolyzation and ubiquitination exhibit similar biological processes for post-translational modification. However, unlike ubiquitination, which targets proteins for degradation, sumolyzation participates in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis and protein stability. The human genome contains three SUMO-1/2/3 functional genes, as well as eight SUMO-1 pseudogenes and 23 SUMO-2 pseudogenes, but no SUMO-3 pseudogenes. The protein-coding sequence of the SUMO-1 gene is interrupted by four introns, while those of SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 genes are interrupted by three introns. Human SUMO-1 protein exhibits 44% sequence identity with SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 proteins, while SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 proteins share 86% sequence identity. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the SUMO-3 gene was derived from the SUMO-2 gene. SUMO-1 mRNA appears to be most abundant in human epithelial HeLa, kidney 293 and neuronal NT2 cells, while the SUMO-3 mRNA seems to be much less abundant than SUMO-2 mRNA, especially in HeLa and 293 cells. Many cellular proteins of high molecular weights were covalently modified by SUMO-1/2/3 proteins. However, some free form of SUMO-2/3 proteins was also detected. Most SUMO-1/2/3 proteins were shown to be localized on nuclear membrane, nuclear bodies and cytoplasm, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Subjects :
- *UBIQUITIN
*POLYMERASE chain reaction
*BIODEGRADATION
*AMINO acid sequence
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 03781119
- Volume :
- 296
- Issue :
- 1/2
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Gene
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 7892025
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00843-0