The U.S. Army, Indian Agency, and the Path to Assimilation: The First Indian Home Guards in the American Civil War.

The article discusses the U.S. Army unit of Kansas known as the First Indian Home Guards, which consisted of refugee Creek and Seminole Indians from Indian Territory, during the American Civil War. Particular focus is given to the U.S. Army's goal of assimilating Indians. The Indian Brigade's commanders Colonel Robert W. Furnas and Colonel William A. Phillips, including the latter's perspective on Indians' ability to lead the brigade, are discussed. An overview of the Indians who fought for the Confederate States of America's forces, including Cherokee Indians, is provided.