Heptametallic, Octupolar Nonlinear Optical Chromophores with Six Ferrocenyl Substituents.

New complexes with six ferrocenyl (Fc) groups connected to ZnII or CdII tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) cores are described. A thorough characterisation of their BPh4− salts includes two single-crystal X-ray structures, highly unusual for such species with multiple, extended substituents. Intense, visible d(FeII)→π* metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) bands accompany the π→π* intraligand charge-transfer absorptions in the near UV region. Each complex shows a single, fully reversible FeIII/II wave when probed electrochemically. Molecular quadratic nonlinear optical (NLO) responses are determined by using hyper-Rayleigh scattering and Stark spectroscopy. The latter gives static first hyperpolarisabilities β0 reaching as high as approximately 10−27 esu and generally increasing with π-conjugation extension. Z-scan cubic NLO measurements reveal high two-photon absorption cross-sections σ2 of up to 5400 GM in one case. DFT calculations reproduce the π-conjugation dependence of β0, and TD-DFT predicts three transitions close in energy contributing to the MLCT bands. The lowest energy transition has octupolar character, whereas the other two are degenerate and dipolar in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]