Transplantation of CX3CL1-expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Provides Neuroprotective and Immunomodulatory Effects in a Rat Model of Retinal Degeneration.

Purpose: To investigate the neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) engineered to secrete CX3CL1 on the light-injured retinal structure and function. Methods: Normal MSCs and CX3CL1-expressing MSCs (CX3CL1-MSCs) were transplanted into the subretinal space of light-injured rats. By ERG and TUNEL methods, their rescue effect of the host retina was compared with untreated light-injured and vehicle-injected rats. Activated microglia in the retina were stained by ED-1 antibody, and Western blot was performed to quantify cytokines secreted by the retina post-transplantation. Results: ERG analysis showed better function in CX3CL1-MSC-injected group than other groups at 21 days after transplantation ( p < 0.05). CX3CL1-MSCs inhibited apoptosis of the retinal cells and microglial activation. Neurotrophic factors expression in host retina that received CX3CL1-MSCs was stronger than in the retina that received normal MSCs. Conversely, the expression of proinflammatory factors was downregulated. Conclusions: CX3CL1-MSCs subretinal transplantation may enhance protective effect against light-induced retinal degeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]