Novel pathogenic pathways in diabetic neuropathy.

Highlights: [•] Glial cells play a critical role in maintenance of axonal integrity and function. [•] Diabetes mellitus modifies axon–glia interactions at nodal areas of PNS nerves. [•] Axonal energy metabolism and ion conductance are particularly affected. [•] These observations provide a basis for novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]