Differential COX-2 induction by viral and bacterial PAMPs: Consequences for cytokine and interferon responses and implications for anti-viral COX-2 directed therapies.

Highlights: [•] We report interactions of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) with COX enzymes in vivo. [•] COX-2 was broadly induced by LPS (TLR4) but more locally by poly(I:C) (TLR3). [•] COX-1/2 deletion modified the response to TLR activation in a TLR-specific manner. [•] COX-2 deletion enhanced interferon responses to viral-type TLR3/7/9 ligands. [•] COX-2 inhibition could provide a novel anti-viral therapeutic strategy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]