A comparative study on various turbocharging approaches based on IC engine exhaust gas energy recovery.

Highlights: [•] Two novel turbocharging approaches of steam turbocharging and steam-assisted turbocharging were proposed. [•] Steam turbocharging has higher energy saving potential than the other two turbocharging approaches. [•] Steam turbocharging can achieve the target intake pressure in the entire IC engine speed area. [•] Steam-assisted turbocharging can improve IC engine intake pressure at the low-speed operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]