A data-driven based adaptive state of charge estimator of lithium-ion polymer battery used in electric vehicles.

Highlights: [•] A lumped parameter battery model against different battery aging levels is proposed. [•] The RLS based method is used to identify the parameter of battery model in real-time. [•] A data-driven based adaptive SoC estimator is developed by RLS and AEKF algorithm. [•] The robustness of the SoC estimator against varying loading profiles is evaluated. [•] The robustness of the SoC estimator against different aging levels is evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]