Systems biological approaches to measure and understand vaccine immunity in humans.

Highlights: [•] Recent studies have used systems biological approaches to predict vaccine efficacy. [•] Such studies are yielding new insights about the mechanisms underlying vaccine immunity. [•] Data acquisition, management and modeling represent major challenges. [•] Integration of multiple “omics” data also represents major challenges. [•] Overcoming such challenges will enable systems approaches to guide rational vaccine design. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]