Solid phases responsible for MnII, CrIII, CoII, Ni, CuII and Zn immobilization by a modified bauxite refinery residue (red mud) at pH 7.5.

Highlights: [•] We show >98% metals were removed to MBRR solid and >87% to model minerals from 10mM solutions. [•] EXAFS and XANES show metal removal by precipitation reactions. [•] Analysis shows metals are controlled by different mineral surface combinations. [•] Data provides evidence why some metals (e.g., Mn and Ni) remove well below the pKa of hydration. [•] We provide new and previously unseen evidence of metal binding to neutralised red muds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]