Interleukin-32 contributes to invasion and metastasis of primary lung adenocarcinoma via NF-kappaB induced matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 expression.

Highlights: [•] Interleukin(IL)-32 was overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and cell lines. [•] IL-32 expression correlated with tumor metastasis, and leads to poor prognosis. [•] Ectopic expression of IL-32 facilitated invasion and migration of tumor cells. [•] IL-32-induced metastasis was via MMP2 and MMP9 upregulation through NF-κB pathway. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]