Toxicity assessment of size-fractionated urban road dust using ostracod Heterocypris incongruens direct contact test.

Highlights: [•] Toxicity is discussed based on dose–response, size-fractions and holding time. [•] Standardized heavy metal and PAH concentration is applied to differentiate toxicity. [•] Median lethal concentration (LC50) of urban road dust varied (v/v) from 3.8 to 67%. [•] Fraction of fine particles were not always more toxic than the other fractions. [•] Toxicity of urban road dust was site specific. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]