Influence of butanol–diesel blends on particulate emissions of a non-road diesel engine.

Highlights: [•] Butanol addition to diesel in blends influences particulate emissions. [•] It reduces PM2.5 and elemental carbon emissions while increases the proportion of organic carbon in particles. [•] The total number concentrations of volatile and non-volatile particles decreases significantly. [•] The higher proportion of butanol in blends leads to higher particle-phase PAHs emissions. [•] The cytotoxicity of particle extracts from diesel and blended fuels shows no significant difference. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]