Ammonium stress in Arabidopsis: signaling, genetic loci, and physiological targets.

Highlights: [•] We review genetic loci, signaling pathways, and physiological targets of NH4 + stress in the model system Arabidopsis thaliana. [•] Differing NH4 + stress responses between belowground and aboveground sources are dissected. [•] New experimental approaches to the study of NH4 + toxicity are outlined. [•] An integrated view of behavior and signaling in response to NH4 + stress is proposed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]