Bi-layer diaphragm walls: Parametric study of construction processes.

Highlights: [•] Bi-layer diaphragm wall: sprayed concrete with steel fibres, over a conventional diaphragm wall. [•] Different construction process parameters analyzed through thirty numeric simulations. [•] Main flexural strength provided by the RC layer. [•] Secondary flexural contribution of the sprayed SFRC layer. [•] Bending reinforcement for RC layer reduced up to 7.0% if SFRC layer considered. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]