Intelligent coordinated adaptive distance relaying.

Highlights: [•] The paper presents a novel solution for distance relay third zone load encroachment problem. [•] A multi-agent based adaptive relaying algorithm is used to propose the solution. [•] The proposed algorithm was examined on radial and loop network configurations. [•] The results showed the superiority of the proposed algorithm in mitigating the load encroachment problem compared to traditional Mho and Quad settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]